Effectively Managing Meetings
“Meetings: Where minutes are kept and hours are lost.”
This little proverb can be prophetic if your business meetings are not effectively
managed. It is not surprising that many
business people will do most anything to avoid a meeting, as they have the
ability to devour hours in your working day.
The effective management of a business meeting is a vital skill for
every business person.
The simple definition of a meeting is a face-to-face
gathering of two or more people. The
face-to-face need not be in the same room as teleconferencing is also
considered a meeting.
This article is not aimed at meetings such as big
annual conferences or other meetings of that nature. Here we are going to talk about the daily
business meetings that underpin the day to day business decisions, which ensure
the smooth running of a successful enterprise.
Why have a meeting?
Many business decisions today are made using
alternatives such as telephone or e-mail,
but there are times that sitting around a table will benefit everyone.
Meetings will roughly fall into one of three
categories. The first type of meeting is designed to make decisions regarding business
processes. This could be to decide on projects, new products or staffing
issues. Strategic planning also falls into this category.
Secondly, there are informative meetings. These are usually regularly scheduled and can
become tedious if they are allowed to drag on.
Lastly, there are meetings called to review and analyze
feedback. An example would be after the launch of a new product or service; the meeting could be used to analyze
the performance of the product, review the costs structures and feed the
information gathered to a decision-making
body. Alternatively,
you could be going through a post-mortem on the failure of a large piece of
equipment. These meetings are used to gather information and analyze that
information. It may or may not make decisions.
Plan your meetings carefully
Human beings have difficulty in paying attention for
considerable lengths of time. On average, after an hour people start to think
of other things so plan carefully what you want to achieve and keep a tight
rein on the proceedings.
Here Is a Guide to Preparing
Step 1- Define the objectives of the meeting
Spend some time to define clearly what you want to
achieve from the meeting. Make the objective
concrete and achievable within the time that you have. Vague objectives such as ‘Status update’ may
get you few acceptances whereas the objective set down as ‘Status of XYZ
Project as at end-June 2016’ will gain you far more participants.
Take care that the objective is achievable. For example, do not set your objective to
approve sales targets for the entire country if you only have a 30-minute time slot. Rather make your objective
to set the sales targets for a particular section, or choose an area of the
country.
Ensure that the objective is clearly spelt out at the top of the agenda that is
distributed for the meeting.
Step 2 – Preparation for the meeting
This is one of the most important steps, and the rewards will be commensurate
with the amount of time spent in preparation.
Attendees
Think of the people that you want to attend. Choose
your participants wisely and ensure that they will be able to contribute to the
set objective.
Pre-Meeting
Discussion
If this meeting is to agree serious and far reaching
decisions, take the time to meet individually with the attendees before the
meeting, and discuss informally the major decisions that will be made. In this way your attendees are given time to
think on the points and more importantly you know what the position each
attendee will take. You do not want to
walk blindly into a meeting where far reaching decisions are to be made.
Minutes of the Meeting
The minutes are a true reflection of what transpired
at the meeting.
You need to decide how to record the business
discussed at the meeting. It is extremely difficult for the facilitator or
Chair of the meeting to try and record the minutes as well. Engage someone to record the minutes on your
behalf.
Apart from pen and paper, a recorder could also be
used as a tool to record meetings.
The most basic information that they will have to
record is:
·
Who
actually attended
·
Record
any decisions taken – as facilitator or Chair ensure that the decision is
recorded
·
Record
any next steps or action items – the task, who will undertake it and the date
due
Seat the minute taker as close to the facilitator or Chair
as possible. In this way he/she can
request clarity on any item directly to the Chair and likewise the Chair can
ensure that the points are being accurately recorded.
If there is infrastructure to record the meeting,
ensure that all attendees are aware they are being recorded. After the meeting, take possession of the
tapes or recorder and arrange for the minutes to be transcribed from them.
Logistics
Take care of these issues:
·
Meeting room – book this well in advance and ensure that it is the
correct size for your meeting. If you cannot reserve a meeting room where
everyone can sit at the table, rather reschedule the meeting than have people
sitting several deep around a table. If
people do not sit at the table, they will
not feel part of the proceeding and will not contribute fully.
·
Refreshments - if the meeting is scheduled for longer than an
hour, try to get refreshments served after an hour. People find it difficult to concentrate for
longer than an hour, so arrange for refreshments to be served to give everyone
a short break.
If this
is a day-long meeting, remember to organize lunch. Do your best not to serve
lunch at the table, arrange for another room and serve lunch there. Again, get
people out of the meeting room and give them a chance to refresh themselves. Remember to ask participants to advise you of
any special dietary requirements.
Review
the quotations given for food and beverage service at hotels. Read the fine
print as the quote may be for the food only and will exclude taxes and service
charges. These missing costs on your
quote can add up to 30% extra to your bill.
Do not over feed the attendees, that they may not end up sleeping during
meetings.
·
Equipment –
ensure that projectors, microphones, flip charts, network connectivity, paper
and pencils are all organized and that you know how to operate them. If you cannot operate the equipment, arrange
for a person to be present to operate on your behalf. Take the time to find out the name of the
technician responsible for the equipment and save his/her telephone number. If
you have a breakdown, you can minimize
the delay by knowing who to contact.
·
Toilet facilities – take the time to find out where the ladies and
gentlemen’s toilets are situated and at the opening of the meeting tell people
where they are.
·
Hotel rooms – if you have to organize overnight accommodation,
insist that participants requiring this accommodation tell you in good time so
rooms at convenient hotels can be reserved. Be sure to arrange transport if
participants do not intend to hire vehicles. This transport may have to include
airport pickups.
·
Ground rules- in some cases, these may need to be re-emphasized,
to ensure law and order, and the smooth running of the meeting.
Risk Assessment
Visit the meeting room and assess risks to the
participants. All or some of these risks
may be assessed on a daily basis by the section responsible for the room. Check with them before undertaking your own
assessment. Here are some items to consider:
·
Tripping
hazards – Look for things like loose carpets, trailing cables and spilt liquids.
These must be dealt with by building maintenance before the start of the
meeting.
·
If you
are expecting disabled persons, is the entry to the room and movement around
the room suitable?
·
Furniture
– look for broken legs on chairs and tables, sharp edges and torn seats.
·
Temperature
– does the air conditioning/ heater work and does it work correctly?
·
Electrical
equipment – is the electrical equipment in good working order. Are there
sufficient electrical outlets without the danger of one being overloaded?
·
Lighting
– is the lighting sufficient for the needs of the meeting. If you have to dim the lights for the
projector, are there small desk lights to allow the participants to write with
ease?
·
Spare
Pen/ paper- for those who may require them
·
Illness –
what will you do if one of the participants is ill? Is there a room that they can use to recover?
·
Fire
Evacuation – are there clear instructions in the room that show where the fire
escape is and where the fire assembly point is located? Are the locations of
fire extinguishers clearly marked?
Behavior of attendees
It is a good idea to have some idea of how you intend
to deal with the aggressive or abusive behavior
of one or more of the attendees. Verbal abuse is the intention to disrupt or
hurt and must never be mistaken for constructive criticism. Signs of verbal
abuse include name-calling, racial slurs,
swearing and attacks on a person’s gender, religion, sexual preference or
age.
Any sign of verbal abuse must be stopped immediately
by trying to focus on the root cause of the abuse. Was it caused by unfair criticism? Was it
caused by a perception of poor performance?
If the abuser is not prepared to halt the attack, remove that person
immediately and call a short break. Take
the abuser to another room and give them a chance to explain what the problem
is. Listen and try to establish the
rationale behind the attack. If the
abuser cannot calm down and return to the meeting so issues can be discussed
calmly, suggest that he/she goes back to their office and continue without
them, if that is possible.
If the abuse is a regular occurrence, bring in the
Human Resources staff and deal with the matter through the company’s policies
and procedures. Abuse should never be tolerated.
Prepare the Agenda
This is a very important step in preparation for any meeting.
The agenda will spell out clearly what topics are to be discussed and
the length of time allocated to each topic.
Be realistic in the selection of topics and how long
you will allow the discussion around a topic
to continue. Try to limit a normal
business day meetings to no more than an hour.
Conferences and seminars are by their nature longer.
If there is to be a presentation around the topic, lay
down the time limit for the presentation and then allow sufficient time for
discussion around the presentation. Each topic must have time allocated for
agreement on the decision made or for next steps to be taken. Do not progress
to the next topic without a clear
agreement on the outcome of the current topic.
Allow time on the agenda for networking and greeting.
If your participants come from different branches or different cities, they may
only meet face to face at company meetings so give them some time to network.
These informal networks are vital to the smooth running of any organization and
providing some time for networking can be valuable to the organization.
Send out a draft agenda and ask participants to add
any items that they feel are important or to adjust any plans that you have
laid down. You can review these requested changes and decide to accept them or
not depending on the value add, that they
have to your stated objective.
Indicate, at the top of the agenda, the date, time and
location of the meeting.
Request that any pre-meeting material must be
submitted to you and give a deadline for that material. This material must be distributed in good
time so that the participants have the time to properly study it.
Send the agenda and pre-meeting material to all
participants.
Step 3 – Running the Meeting
Opening and Introduction
Welcome everyone to the meeting and
briefly indicate the purpose of the
meeting.
Introduce any guests or people that
are attending for the first time. It is
very frustrating to attend a meeting and not know who the other people
are. Do not forget to introduce the
person recording the minutes.
Request that all attendees turn their
mobile devices off, not to silent, but
off. Buzzing telephones are highly
disruptive and not conducive to everyone engaging in the discussion. There must
be no texting or messaging of any kind whilst the meeting is in progress.
Explain any logistical issues. For
example, when you intend to break for refreshments and where the toilets are
located.
Decide what you intend to do if people
come late. There are two ways to deal
with this; some facilitators refuse to
admit late comers as it can be very disruptive or you can allow them to take
their place at the table, but do not be tempted to rehash business already
discussed. If they could not make the meeting on time, they forfeit the right
to be part of the decisions taken before they arrived.
The issue of starting or ending the
meeting with prayers is dependent on the company’s policies. In the modern business world, where
diversity is valued it may be extremely difficult to insert a prayer when the
religious affiliations of the attendees can be diverse. However, if the attendees have common
religious affiliations, prayers may be said at the beginning and end of the
meeting.
Timing each Topic
Prioritize topics to be
discussed, ensuring that the most important discussions come first.
Make it clear that everyone’s time is valuable and in an effort to respect the fact
that people have allocated time to the discussion, ensure all attendees adhere
as closely as possible to the allocated time slots. Your attendees may well
start to withdraw, mentally, from the proceedings if you allow the meeting to
run on interminably.
This is not to say that you cannot be
flexible. A particular point may be
generating considerable discussion, all of which is valuable. If you reach the
time limit for the point, stop the discussion and ask the attendees if the
discussion should continue and something else will fall off the agenda or should this full discussion be taken to a
new meeting.
At the end of the topic, ask the
minute taker to read the decisions taken and the action points raised. Ensure that there is agreement that these
points are correct and reflect the views of the attendees.
Give everyone a chance to talk
You are the facilitator or Chair of the meeting, do
not allow it to degenerate into several discussions around the table or allow
people to simply interrupt.
Avoid a dictatorial manner. You are not going to make
all the decisions yourself, and you are
not going to complete all the action points on your own. Both you and the organization
need the other people sitting around the table so treat them with respect.
Be firm about one person talking at a time. It is impossible to follow several
discussions and the minute taker will not
be able to follow what the decisions are.
Give everyone that wishes to contribute a chance to do
so but do not be afraid to step in to shut down attendees that are repeating points
already made. Some people are naturally hesitant to speak in a large forum so
take the time to bring their ideas out into the open.
If one attendee seems to be taking over, step in and
ask them to summarize what it is, they
wish to say. Bring them to the point as
quickly as you can and do not permit any one
attendee to monopolize the discussion.
Do not lose your temper but keep control of unruly
attendees. Under no circumstances permit and abuse to take place and if tempers
flare call a break and let everyone cool down. Take the protagonists aside and
try to resolve the issue before returning to the meeting.
Divisive discussions
It is highly likely that a point will arise that the
attendees are unable to agree upon. In these cases,
you have a couple of options.
·
Put the
decision to the vote. A simple count of
hands raised will decide what action to take.
·
Record
all the options and request a senior manager to decide which of the options is
best.
Ensure the decision is recorded as an addendum to the minutes, so everyone is aware of what the final
decision is.
Step 4 –Closing the Meeting
Summarize
Bring the meeting to a close by summarizing the
discussion. Ask if anyone has anything
further to add.
Closure and thanks
Thank everyone for attending and let them know when
they can expect the minutes to be distributed.
IF there is to be a follow-up meeting or if this is
one of a regular schedule of meetings, inform everyone
of the next scheduled date.
Step 5 –Minutes
It is very important that minutes are written and
distributed as quickly as possible, within 24 hours is best practice.
The list of action points on the minutes are tasks that must be
performed, and it does not help productivity if the minutes are distributed
weeks after the meeting closed.
Meetings are an essential part of any organizations
daily life. Becoming skilled at
facilitating or Chairing a meeting is an invaluable skill to acquire.
Effectively managing meetings need not be an alarming task if you follow these
simple steps. As the facilitator or Chair,
you must take full responsibility to ensure the meeting runs smoothly and you
do not waste the valuable time that your colleagues are giving you. It is interesting to calculate the total cost
of any meeting by simply adding up the approximate hourly remuneration of all
the attendees. It will be clear that
having these people attend and give up their time costs the organization and recognition must be given to
this fact. Gaining a reputation for running meetings effectively and
efficiently will enhance your standing within the organization and enhance the organization’s
productivity.